Bitácora DBA | Oracle Blog
seguridad, performance y optimización de base de datos
[ 2021-02-13 ]
Usando el "Last Login Time" para mejorar la seguridad de la base de datos
[ 2021-02-06 ]
Diferencia entre "Session User" y "Current User"
[ 2021-01-19 ]
Oracle 21c: Common Mandatory Profiles
Oracle Database 21c incorpora la posibilidad de forzar restricciones en cuanto a la longitud y composición de las contraseña en las PDBs. Esto se puede realizar, creando un perfil mandatorio (“mandatory profile”) en el CDB raíz y aplicándolo luego a una, varias o todas las PDBs.
Para crearlo se utiliza la sentencia:
SQL> create mandatory profile ...
Este perfil agrega una verificación de longitud mínima de
contraseña a los perfiles locales que están asociados con los usuarios de las
PDBs por medio de una función de validación.
Definido en el contenedor raíz (CDB $ ROOT), actúa como un perfil de usuario que está
permanentemente activo. Los límites definidos en este, se aplican de manera
adicional a los límites existentes del perfil que tenga asignado el usuario. Esto
crea un efecto de unión ya que la función de verificación de complejidad de la
contraseña del perfil mandatorio se ejecutará antes que la propia función (si es
que la hubiera) del perfil asignado a la cuenta de usuario.
Esto quiere decir que la longitud de la contraseña definida
en el perfil mandatorio tendrá prioridad sobre cualquier longitud de contraseña
definida en otro perfil asociado al usuario.
Al poder ser creado o modificado solamente desde el CDB $ ROOT, un administrador de PDB no puede eliminar el requisito de complejidad de contraseña impuesto por el perfil mandatorio facilitando de esta manera que los usuarios puedan establecer contraseñas más cortas e inseguras.
[ 2020-12-24 ]
Perfiles para STIG y CIS en Oracle 21c
[ 2020-12-19 ]
Oracle 21c: Novedades en la seguridad de la base de datos
Finalmente, Oracle Database 20c fué sólo un versión de "preview" y no va a existir oficialmente como release (de hecho ya no está disponible para prueba en el cloud de Oracle).
Por otro lado, los primeros dias de diciembre fue disponibilizada en Always Free Autonomous Database (solamente en las siguientes regiones: IAD, PHX, LHR, FRA) y Database Cloud Service (RAC y single-instance sobre VM; single-instance en "Bare Metal") la nueva versión Oracle Database 21c y su correspondiente documentación.
Se debe tener en cuenta que 21c es un "Innovation Release", con lo cual sólo estará soportada 2 años y medio a partir de su liberación, y no tendrá disponible soporte extendido.
En este artículo, mi colega Lisandro Fernigrini explica detalladamente las diferencias entre las versiones "Innovation Release" y "Long Term Support Release" para quien quiera comprender mejor estos conceptos.
En el post "What's new in Oracle Database 20c Security?" de febrero de este año, enumeraba algunas de las nuevas funcionalidades y cambios de comportamiento relacionados con seguridad, del (en ese momento) nuevo release 20c.
Que sucederá con ellas entonces?
Pues, al haber sido 20c una versión de prueba, todas estas funcionalidades siguen presentes también en el nuevo release 21c.
A continuación, un breve resumen de las novedades más destacadas relacionadas con funcionalidades de seguridad para la nueva versión.
[ 2020-02-14 ]
What's new in Oracle Database 20c Security?
Behavior Changes, Deprecated and Desupported Features:
- Deprecation of Traditional Auditing
- Deprecation of Older Algorithms in DBMS_CRYPTO
- Deprecation of Enterprise User Security (EUS) User Migration Utility
- Deprecation of TLS 1.0 (Transport Layer Security
- Desupport of DBMS_OBFUSCATION_TOOLKIT Package
- Desupport of DBMS_CRYPTO_TOOLKIT_TYPES and DBMS_CRYPTO_TOOLKIT
- Desupport of Oracle ACFS Security (Vault) and ACFS Auditing
- Desupport of ACFS Encryption on Solaris and Windows
[ 2020-01-23 ]
Ya está disponible Oracle Key Vault 18.2
[ 2020-01-15 ]
Oracle CPU de Enero 2020 (Critical Patch Update)
El estándar CVSS v3 considera que las vulnerabilidades con un puntaje base de CVSS entre 9.0 y 10.0 tienen una calificación cualitativa de "Crítica". Las vulnerabilidades con un puntaje base de CVSS entre 7.0 y 8.9 tienen una calificación cualitativa de "Alta". Al igual que con el CPU anterior, la cantidad de CVEs que no son propias de Oracle, representan una cantidad significativa de expuestos críticos y de alta gravedad: 27 de las 117 CVE que no son propias de productos Oracle, son por vulnerabilidades altas y críticas. Lo cual resulta significativo.
[ 2018-12-31 ]
Novedades Oracle Database Cloud Service - Diciembre 2018
December 2018
Feature | Description |
---|---|
Updated notices of future deprecations and removals |
Soon, Oracle Database Cloud Service (Database Classic on the My Services Dashboard), will drop the option to create database deployments on OCI regions. Oracle recommends creating new database deployments for OCI using the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Database service (Database on the My Services Dashboard). This service offers database deployments on Bare Metal, VM, and Exadata.
Cloud support for Oracle Database 12c Release 2 ends July 2020. Cloud support for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 ends December 2020. These actions apply to all cloud services: DBCS, ExaCS, ExaCC, and OCI Database.
If you are using, or are planning to use, one of the release versions listed above, Oracle recommends that you plan an upgrade to a supported RDBMS release (for example, Oracle Database 18c or Oracle Database 12c Release 1) before services using Oracle Database 12c Release 2 or Oracle Database 11g Release 2 enter the unsupported state.
|
Cloud tooling update available for deployments hosting Oracle RAC databases
|
The 18.3.1 update to cloud tooling is available to apply to existing Database Cloud Servicedatabase deployments that host Oracle RAC databases.
To apply this update, use the tag
18331 when following the instructions Updating the Cloud Tooling by Using the raccli Utility in Administering Oracle Database Cloud Service. |
October 2018 PSU, BP and RU patches available to apply to existing deployments |
The October 2018 Patch Set Update (PSU), Bundle Patch (BP) and Release Update (RU) are now available to patch existing Database Cloud Service database deployments, provided that you use a command-line utility to apply the patch. Which of these patches you apply depends on the Oracle Database version of your deployment.
Before you apply the appropriate patch, make sure your deployment has the latest version of cloud tooling, as described in Updating the Cloud Tooling on Database Cloud Service in Administering Oracle Database Cloud Service.
For information about using command-line utilities to apply a patch, see these topics in Administering Oracle Database Cloud Service:
|
[ 2018-12-26 ]
Oracle 18c: Como hacer un MERGE ONLINE de Particiones y Subparticiones
Veamos un ejemplo de como hacerlo:
Primero creamos una tabla para la demostración:
La table tiene tres columnas, una de ellas del tipo fecha particionada por rangos (BY RANGE)
create table vtas
(
nro_fc number,
fecha_vta date,
precio number
)
partition BY RANGE (fecha_vta)
(
partition vtas_q1_16 values less than (TO_DATE('01-APR-2016', 'DD-MON-YYYY')),
partition vtas_q2_16 values less than (TO_DATE('01-JUL-2016', 'DD-MON-YYYY')),
partition vtas_q3_16 values less than (TO_DATE('01-OCT-2016', 'DD-MON-YYYY')),
partition vtas_q4_16 values less than (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2017', 'DD-MON-YYYY')),
partition vtas_q1_17 values less than (TO_DATE('01-APR-2017', 'DD-MON-YYYY')),
partition vtas_q2_17 values less than (TO_DATE('01-JUL-2017', 'DD-MON-YYYY')),
partition vtas_q3_17 values less than (TO_DATE('01-OCT-2017', 'DD-MON-YYYY')),
partition vtas_q4_17 values less than (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2018', 'DD-MON-YYYY')),
partition vtas_futuro values less than (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2020', 'DD-MON-YYYY'))
)
ENABLE ROW MOVEMENT
/
[ 2018-12-03 ]
Novedades Oracle Database Cloud Service - Noviembre 2018
Feature | Description |
---|---|
Jul 2018 PSU, BP or RU integrated into base image for single-instance databases
|
The July 2018 PSU (Patch Set Update), BP (Bundle Patch) or RU (Release Update), depending on Oracle Database version, is now integrated into the base image for new Database Cloud Service database deployments that host single-instance databases and Data Guard configurations with single-instance primary and standby databases. When you create such a database deployment, it will already include the PSU, BP or RU functionality.
|
Faster patching | Database Cloud Service patching time is now faster by approximately fifty percent. |
New versions for SQL Developer Web, ORDS, APEX and ORE |
New versions of several components have been integrated into the base image for single-instance databases:
|
[ 2018-11-05 ]
Monitoreando el uso de indices de otros esquemas
alter index index_name monitoring usage;
Esta vista nos brinda info de aquellos indices monitoreados pertenecientes al propio schema con el cual se está corriendo la consulta.
SQL> select index_name, table_name, monitoring, used from v$object_usage;
INDEX_NAME TABLE_NAME MONITORING USED
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- ----
T1_IDX1 T1 YES NO
Si queremos ver información de todos los indices monitoreados en la base de datos, o si simplemente necesitamos verificar uno o varios owners en particular.
u.name "owner",
io.name "index_name",
t.name "table_name",
decode(bitand(i.flags, 65536), 0, 'no', 'yes') "monitoring",
decode(bitand(nvl(ou.flags,0), 1), 0, 'no', 'yes') "used",
ou.start_monitoring "start_monitoring",
ou.end_monitoring "end_monitoring"
from
sys.obj$ io,
sys.obj$ t,
sys.ind$ i,
sys.object_usage ou,
sys.user$ u
where
t.obj# = i.bo#
and
io.owner# = u.user#
and
io.obj# = i.obj#
and
u.name in ('<OWNER>')
and
i.obj# = ou.obj#(+);
[ 2018-10-20 ]
Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory - Octubre 2018
If you are new to this process, please review Oracle's Security Fixing Policies and the Critical Patch Update Advisory. After reviewing these resources, if you are unable to determine if you require a software update, or how to apply it, please contact Oracle Support.
The Critical Patch Update Advisory is the starting point for relevant information.
It includes the list of products affected, pointers to obtain the patches, a summary of the security vulnerabilities for each product suite, and links to other important documents. Supported products that are not listed in the "Affected Products and Components" section of the advisory do not require new patches to be applied.
Also, it is essential to review the Critical Patch Update supporting documentation
referenced in the Advisory before applying patches, as this is where you can find important pertinent information.
Critical Patch Update Advisories are available at the following location:
Oracle Technology Network: http://www.oracle.com/SecurityAlerts
Oracle Cloud Customers should review:
http://www.oracle.com/SecurityAlerts#cloud
The Critical Patch Update Advisory for October 2018 is available at the following location:
Oracle Technology Network:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2018-4428296.html
Important information can also be found at:
https://blogs.oracle.com/security/
Oracle's Security Fixing Policies are available at the following location:
http://www.oracle.com/support/assurance/vulnerability-remediation/security-fixing.html
The next four dates for Critical Patch Updates are:
- January 15, 2019
- April 16, 2019
- July 16, 2019
- October 15, 2019
Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory - October 2018
[ 2018-10-11 ]
ODC Appreciation Day: Minimizando contención con “scalable sequences” en Oracle 18c
[ 2018-09-30 ]
Novedades Oracle Database Cloud Service - Septiembre 2018
Feature | Description |
---|---|
New short name for Oracle Database Cloud Service in My Services
|
As of late September, 2018, the short name used by the My Services console for Oracle Database Cloud Service changed from Database to Database Classic.
Also, the short name for the Oracle Database cloud service that is specific to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure changed from Database (OCI) to Database.
|
Extreme Performance QuickStart option creates a single-instance database
|
Previously, when you used the Extreme Performance QuickStart option, Oracle Database Cloud Service created a database deployment hosting a clustered database using Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC), housed on two compute nodes.
Now, when you use the Extreme Performance QuickStart option, Oracle Database Cloud Service creates a database deployment hosting a single-instance database, housed on one compute node. For more information, see the Extreme Performance section of "Creating a QuickStart Database Deployment" in Administering Oracle Database Cloud Service.
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Consolidated patching commands for deployments hosting an Oracle Data Guard configuration of single-instance databases
|
Previously, you used different command-line utilities with different subcommands and options to perform patching operations on the cloud tooling, database and OS software on deployments hosting an Oracle Data Guard configuration of single-instance databases.
Now, all the patching operations across all these types of software are consolidated under a single command:
dbaascli patch software action
where
software is db (database), os (OS) or tools (cloud tooling) and action is a patching operation like list or apply .
When you create a new database deployment hosting an Oracle Data Guard configuration of single-instance databases, it will include these consolidated patching commands. To use these new commands in an existing deployment, you must first update the deployment's cloud tooling by running the following, now-obsolete command (as the
root user) one last time:dbaascli dbpatchm --run -toolsinst -rpmversion=LATEST
|
[ 2018-09-06 ]
Interpretando un "Explain Plan" (Parte I)
[ 2018-08-30 ]
Novedades Oracle Database Cloud Service - Agosto 2018
Agosto 2018
Feature | Description |
---|---|
"Bring Your Own License" now enabled by default
|
The "Bring Your Own License" (BYOL) feature is now enabled by default:
To create a database deployment that does not use the "Bring Your Own License" feature, you must create a customized database deployment and disable the "Bring Your Own License" option.
For more information about the "Bring Your Own License" feature, see FAQ: Oracle BYOL to PaaS.
|
July 2018 PSU, BP and RU patches available in console
|
Last month, the July 2018 Patch Set Update (PSU), Bundle Patch (BP) and Release Update (RU) became available if you used a command-line utility to apply the patch.
They are now available in the Oracle Database Cloud Service console as well. For information about applying database patches using the console, see Applying a Patch in Administering Oracle Database Cloud Service.
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Simplified patching of Database Clustering with RAC and Data Guard Standby deployments
|
Previously, to check or apply a database patch to a deployment of two Oracle RAC databases as the primary and standby databases of an Oracle Data Guard configuration, you had to check or apply the patch separately to each of the Oracle RAC databases.
Now, the
raccli apply patch command includes the -dg option, which enables you to check or apply a database patch to both the primary and standby Oracle RAC databases. For more information, see raccli apply patch in Administering Oracle Database Cloud Service. |
Oracle for Insurance Products certified for use with Database Cloud Service
|
The Oracle for Insurance solutions team has certified the following product components for use with Database Cloud Service deployments created using the Oracle Database 12c Release 2 software release and the Enterprise Edition - High Performance or Enterprise Edition - Extreme Performance software edition:
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